Chemical ionization (CI) is a soft ionization technique used in mass spectrometry. [1][2] This was first introduced by Burnaby Munson and Frank H. Field in 1966. [3]

Chemical Ionization (CI) is a soft ionization technique that produces ions with little excess energy. As a result, less fragmentation is observed in the mass spectrum.

Chemical ionization (CI) is defined as a soft ionization technique that utilizes reagent ions to ionize volatile compounds through ion-molecule reactions, particularly in applications such as breath analysis.

May 29, 2024 · Chemical ionization (CI) is a soft ionization technique used in mass spectrometry, which allows for the analysis of molecular structures with minimal fragmentation. This makes it invaluable …

Sep 25, 2025 · To mitigate these issues, softer ionization methods like chemical ionization (CI) emerged in the 1960s (Munson and Field 1966). CI employs reagent gases to facilitate ion–molecule …

Chemical ionization (CI) is the first of the soft ionization methods we are going to discuss. Historically, field ionization (FI, Chap. 8) has been applied some years earlier, and thus CI can be regarded as …

Chemical ionization (CI) is a soft ionization technique, which is the direct application of the research results of molecular and ion reactions in analytical chemistry.

Aug 25, 2025 · Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI), a widely used ionization technique in mass spectrometry, is similar to atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI). It is advantageous for …

Ionization, in chemistry and physics, any process by which electrically neutral atoms or molecules are converted to electrically charged atoms or molecules (ions) through gaining or losing electrons.

Mar 26, 2026 · Ionization is the process of converting neutral molecules into charged ions for analysis. The original sample can be solid, liquid, or gas. In cases where samples are solid or liquid, they are …